FATS
Provides twice the energy of carbohydrates
Acts as the reserve food material because excess fat is stored in the liver and as adipose tissue. Stored fat is used as fuel when glucose is not available.
An enzyme called Lipase digests fats. It breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol.
Our diet should contain less saturated fats. Excess of saturated fats increases the blood cholesterol level and may cause arteriosclerosis
Hydrogenation: Process by which unsaturated fatty acids are converted into saturated fatty acids by the addition of hydrogen.
Requirement : 50 gms daily.
Note: - In whales and seals, the fat of the skin forms a thick layer called blubber.
PROTEINS
- Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulphur.
- Important for growth and repair of the body (75% of our body is proteins only)
- Made up of amino acids. - Proteins are first broken into amino acids and then digested.
- As Enzymes:As catalyst in digestion (Eg – Pepsin, Trypsin)
- As a Hormone:To regulate body functions - In transport of different substances: (Eg- Haemoglobin- Transports O2 in blood, Myoglobin – Stores O2 in muscles)
- As contractile proteins for contraction in muscles: (Eg Actin and Myosin)
- Structural proteins: (Eg- Collagen Component of connective tissue, cartilage Keratin- Component of skin)
- Protective proteins:(Eg. Gamma globulins)
- Visual proteins: Rhodopsin and Iodopsin of rods and cones are proteins only. (Rods and Cones are the cells which are present in Retina of the eye).
- About 70-100 gms of proteins are daily needed.
- sources: Groundnuts, soyabean, pulses, lean meat, fish, eggs, milk, etc.
Provides twice the energy of carbohydrates
Acts as the reserve food material because excess fat is stored in the liver and as adipose tissue. Stored fat is used as fuel when glucose is not available.
An enzyme called Lipase digests fats. It breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol.
Our diet should contain less saturated fats. Excess of saturated fats increases the blood cholesterol level and may cause arteriosclerosis
Hydrogenation: Process by which unsaturated fatty acids are converted into saturated fatty acids by the addition of hydrogen.
Requirement : 50 gms daily.
Note: - In whales and seals, the fat of the skin forms a thick layer called blubber.
PROTEINS
- Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulphur.
- Important for growth and repair of the body (75% of our body is proteins only)
- Made up of amino acids. - Proteins are first broken into amino acids and then digested.
- As Enzymes:As catalyst in digestion (Eg – Pepsin, Trypsin)
- As a Hormone:To regulate body functions - In transport of different substances: (Eg- Haemoglobin- Transports O2 in blood, Myoglobin – Stores O2 in muscles)
- As contractile proteins for contraction in muscles: (Eg Actin and Myosin)
- Structural proteins: (Eg- Collagen Component of connective tissue, cartilage Keratin- Component of skin)
- Protective proteins:(Eg. Gamma globulins)
- Visual proteins: Rhodopsin and Iodopsin of rods and cones are proteins only. (Rods and Cones are the cells which are present in Retina of the eye).
- About 70-100 gms of proteins are daily needed.
- sources: Groundnuts, soyabean, pulses, lean meat, fish, eggs, milk, etc.
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