BALANCED DIET
The components of food are : Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins , Water and Roughage.
CARBOHYDRATES
Constitutes 3 elements: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Carbohydrates form a better fuel than proteins and fats because their molecules have relatively more oxygen.
Main source of energy providers.
Glucose, often called blood sugar.
An adult man of average weight and doing moderate work needs about 500 gms of carbohydrates daily. Growing child, nursing mother and sports-persons need more carbohydrates.
Is of 3 types: Cellulose, Sugar and Starch.
Cellulose is present in the cell-wall of plants. It cannot be digested and simply acts as roughage.
D-fructose is the sweetest of sugars. It is found in fruit juices, honey etc.
Excess sugar is stored as glycogen in liver (by a process called glycogenesis). The sugar which is still left is converted into fat and stored in various parts of the body a adipose tissue (by a process called lipogenesis). In case the food provides inadequate glucose, reserve glycogen is converted into glucose for use in energy production. This conversion is known as Glycogenolysis.
Sources of Carbohydrates are : 3 main cereals (wheat, rice and maize), sugarcane, milk (contains lactose-a type of sugar) , fruits honey, beet, etc.
Monosaccharides: They are the simplest carbohydrates and are made up of one unit only (eg. glucose, fructose, galactose).
Disaccharides: 2 units of monosaccharides (eg. sucrose, lactose and maltose)
Polysaccharides: Those carbohydrates which contain a no. of monosaccharide units. (eg: starch in plants and glycogen in animals)
During the process of digestion, all carbohydrates are broken down to monosaccharides.
The components of food are : Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins , Water and Roughage.
CARBOHYDRATES
Constitutes 3 elements: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Carbohydrates form a better fuel than proteins and fats because their molecules have relatively more oxygen.
Main source of energy providers.
Glucose, often called blood sugar.
An adult man of average weight and doing moderate work needs about 500 gms of carbohydrates daily. Growing child, nursing mother and sports-persons need more carbohydrates.
Is of 3 types: Cellulose, Sugar and Starch.
Cellulose is present in the cell-wall of plants. It cannot be digested and simply acts as roughage.
D-fructose is the sweetest of sugars. It is found in fruit juices, honey etc.
Excess sugar is stored as glycogen in liver (by a process called glycogenesis). The sugar which is still left is converted into fat and stored in various parts of the body a adipose tissue (by a process called lipogenesis). In case the food provides inadequate glucose, reserve glycogen is converted into glucose for use in energy production. This conversion is known as Glycogenolysis.
Sources of Carbohydrates are : 3 main cereals (wheat, rice and maize), sugarcane, milk (contains lactose-a type of sugar) , fruits honey, beet, etc.
Monosaccharides: They are the simplest carbohydrates and are made up of one unit only (eg. glucose, fructose, galactose).
Disaccharides: 2 units of monosaccharides (eg. sucrose, lactose and maltose)
Polysaccharides: Those carbohydrates which contain a no. of monosaccharide units. (eg: starch in plants and glycogen in animals)
During the process of digestion, all carbohydrates are broken down to monosaccharides.
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