DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY
UNIT II
1.
Rodney Porter proposed the basic structure of
immunoglobulin
2.
Antibodies are glycoproteins
3.
Antibodies
are Y shaped molecule
4.
Antibodies
is made of 4 polypeptide chains
5.
Antibodies
has two types of light chains – kappa (κ) and lamba (λ).
6.
The
4 chains are interconnected by interchain disulphide bonds.
7.
The
2 heavy chains are linked by 1 – 13 interchain disulphide bonds
8.
Ig
consists of 2 regions namely variable region (V region) and a constant
region (C region)
9.
In
the constant region of Ig, the amino acid sequence remain constant.
10. In the variable
region of Ig, the amino acid sequence shows variability.
11. The light chain
of Ig, has 2 domains called as VL region and CL region
12. The heavy chain
of Ig, n has 4 domains – VH region, and 3 CH regions.
13. IgG, the most
abundant class in serum, constitutes about 80% of the total serum
immunoglobulin.
14. The IgG molecule
consists of two γ heavy chains and two K or two λlight
chains.
15. IgM accounts for
5%–10% of the total serum immunoglobulin
16. IgA constitutes
only 10%–15% of the total immunoglobulin in serum
17. IgE antibodies
mediate the immediate hypersensitivity reactions
18. The presence of
a serum component responsible for allergic reactions was first
demonstrated in 1921 by K. Prausnitz and H. Kustner
19. Actual
identification of IgE was accomplished by K. and T. Ishizaka in 1966.
20. The IgD, has a
serum concentration of 30 µg/ml of serum.
21. The interactions
between antigens and antibodies are known as antigen–antibody reactions.
22. The precipitates
formed by antibodies are known as precipitins.
23. Immunodiffusion
tests are performed in a gelled agar medium.
24. Agglutination is
the process of linking together of antigens by antibodies and formation of visible
aggregates
25. Haemagglutination
is the phenomenon of clumping of RBCs.
26. A group of 20 or
more serum protein is collectively known as complement.
27. Schick test measures the
level of immune system of a person to the infection of diphtheria.
28. The antibody
that is making the antigen susceptible for phagocytosis is known as "opsonin".
29. The complement
system was first found by Buchner in 1983.
30. George Kohler
and Cesar Milstein
(Nobel Prize, 1984) achieved large scale production of MAbs
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